Background of the Study
Forensic accounting is a specialized field of accounting that involves the application of accounting principles and investigative skills to detect and prevent fraud. Forensic accountants are trained to uncover financial discrepancies, fraud, and financial mismanagement by reviewing records, identifying anomalies, and providing litigation support (Ibrahim & Ajibola, 2024). In the Nigerian banking sector, financial crimes, including fraud, have become significant threats to the stability of financial institutions. With the growing sophistication of fraudulent activities, banks are increasingly turning to forensic accounting to detect and mitigate financial crimes.
Fidelity Bank, a key player in the Nigerian banking industry, has faced various challenges related to fraud. Given the bank's vast network and significant operations in Benue State, maintaining robust fraud detection and prevention mechanisms is essential for safeguarding the bank’s assets and reputation. The emergence of forensic accounting within Nigerian banks reflects a shift toward a more systematic approach to fraud detection. The effectiveness of forensic accounting practices in identifying fraud in financial institutions, such as Fidelity Bank, is critical, as it influences both the bank’s financial performance and its compliance with regulatory standards (Onyemaechi & Bello, 2023).
While forensic accounting has been recognized for its potential to uncover fraudulent activities, there is limited research specifically focused on its effectiveness in Nigerian banks, especially in Benue State. The ability of forensic accountants to detect fraud in financial institutions depends on various factors, including the scope of their investigations, the tools at their disposal, and the level of support from the bank’s management. This study aims to evaluate the role and effectiveness of forensic accounting in fraud detection at Fidelity Bank in Benue State, providing insights into how these practices contribute to reducing fraud-related risks in the Nigerian banking sector.
Statement of the Problem
Fraud has been a persistent challenge for the Nigerian banking sector, leading to financial losses, reputational damage, and legal implications (Adeola & Ibrahim, 2024). Fidelity Bank, like many other banks in Nigeria, has encountered incidents of fraud that have undermined its operations and public trust. Despite the bank's investment in forensic accounting as a tool for fraud detection, the effectiveness of these practices in preventing and uncovering fraudulent activities has not been thoroughly investigated, especially in Benue State. There is also a lack of clarity on how forensic accounting practices are integrated into the bank’s overall risk management strategies.
Given the increasing complexity of financial fraud and the growing importance of forensic accounting in combating these crimes, it is essential to evaluate how effectively forensic accountants are able to detect and address fraud in Fidelity Bank, Benue State. This study seeks to fill this gap by assessing the practical effectiveness of forensic accounting and its role in enhancing the bank’s fraud detection capabilities.
Objectives of the Study
1. To evaluate the effectiveness of forensic accounting in fraud detection at Fidelity Bank, Benue State.
2. To assess the contribution of forensic accounting practices to Fidelity Bank's risk management strategies in Benue State.
3. To identify the challenges faced by Fidelity Bank in implementing forensic accounting techniques in fraud detection.
Research Questions
1. How effective is forensic accounting in detecting fraud at Fidelity Bank, Benue State?
2. How does forensic accounting contribute to Fidelity Bank’s overall risk management strategies in Benue State?
3. What challenges does Fidelity Bank face in implementing forensic accounting practices for fraud detection in Benue State?
Research Hypotheses
1. Forensic accounting significantly improves fraud detection at Fidelity Bank, Benue State.
2. Forensic accounting practices contribute positively to Fidelity Bank’s risk management strategies in Benue State.
3. Fidelity Bank faces significant challenges in implementing forensic accounting practices for fraud detection in Benue State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on Fidelity Bank’s use of forensic accounting for fraud detection in Benue State. It will assess the effectiveness of these practices in identifying and mitigating financial fraud. Limitations include the potential unavailability of sensitive financial data and reluctance to share detailed information regarding fraud incidents within the bank.
Definitions of Terms
• Forensic Accounting: The application of accounting principles and investigative techniques to detect and prevent fraud.
• Fraud Detection: The process of identifying and uncovering fraudulent activities within an organization.
• Risk Management: The identification, assessment, and management of risks to protect an organization from potential financial losses.
• Financial Crimes: Activities such as fraud, embezzlement, and money laundering that result in financial losses for an organization.
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